Robber Barons and Industrial Statesman Essays -

During the 19th century many groups of people rose in power. There were many political parties such as the Greenbacks/Populists and there were groups of people who rose in our economy such as the so-called ?robber barons? and ?industrial statesman?. Robber Barons were greedy and selfish people that threatenly took away from an area in order to overly-dominate a certain region of people. On the contrary, Industrial Statesmen were giving and morally sound people who own the sphere of industry and help improve society as a whole. Although it?s justifiable to call some people who rose in power industrial statesman, it?s more accurate to classify them as Robber Barons because they were greedy, selfish, and unethical. While myriads of Robber Barons rose in power, many Industrial Statesmen rose and succeeded as well. These giving and morally sound people were people who owned the industrial sphere and who try to better the society. Thomas Alva Edison is an example of a very prominent industrial statesman during the time period. He worked on creating a huge laboratory that will help give many people jobs and create inventions that the people needed. Edison would soon make money off of his company but he did it to help better society as a whole by giving jobs and creating resources they could need. (Doc. B) Due to people like Edison, society was better improved. There were many people during the 19th century that would do anything for money. These greedy people were all over and one of the most prominently known robber barons was William Vanderbuilt. Vanderbuilt was an extremely greedy person who only cared about money. He once made a statement ?The pubic be damned.? In an interview Vanderbuilt had said this talking about the development of railroads; he only invested in the railroads so he could make money for himself. (Doc. A) The railroads were created for public use and to be used to help better our community. However, robber barons such as Vanderbuilt showed how greedy they can be to take something from the public and turn it into something for their person gain. Not only were Robber Barons considered greedy but they were considered selfish as well. When morally sound and ethical people get rich, they tend to use their money to benefit the community. However, Robber Barons were not ethical people; they used their money for themselves and didn?t care about their communities. William G. Sumner is an example of this behavior, he says that when people became rich the money was for their benefit and there benefit only because they are the ones that worked hard to get the money they earned. (Doc. G) Although this may be true, no one person needed as much money as big time entrepreneurs such as Vanderbuilt and Rockefeller were receiving and could help out the community everyone once in a while. Such Robber Barons were unethical, selfish people. Many political and economic groups rose into power during the 19th century. From the Greenbacks/Populists to the Robber Barons/Industrial Statesman, many problems occurred throughout the country. The Robber Barons and Industrial Statesman were people who had tons of power and chose to use it for good and bad. The Barons made selfish, unethical decisions while the Statesman made helpful, ethical decisions reguarding society. Throughout the 19th century, the Robber Barons over-powered the Statesman with their greedy, selfish, and unethical behavior.

Thirty Years War essays

Thirty Years War essays There have been many religious wars through out history but upon analysis seldom were the wars based solely upon religious issues. One example was the Thirty Years War, which took place from 1618-1648 and involved most of the major European powers of the time. It has been considered a religious war because the increase in religious intolerance and religious rivalries was the main cause of the war but as the war progressed it became less about religion and more about territory and dynastic issues. The war can be broken down into four distinct periods ( Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, and Swedish-French) and the relative importance of the religious rivalries and dynastic ambitions were different for each period. Religion was the primary cause of the war during the Bohemian period (1618-1625). This is not to say that some dynastic ambitions were absent. It started when King Ferdinand a catholic was crowned king of Bohemia. Most Bohemians were Protestant and were upset with King Ferdinands intolerance with there religious beliefs. King Ferdinand was a catholic who wanted to restore Catholicism throughout the empire. Two years later he became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire which alarmed protestants who thought they would lose there religious rights. Because of this Bohemians rebelled and deposed Ferdinand and named Frederick V as king. Ferdinand financial help from the Pope, Spanish troops and troops from Catholic Bovaria defeated Fredrick the fifth at White Mountain. Emperor Ferdinand regained the Bohemian Throne and re-catholicization of Bohemia began. During the Danish period (1625-1629) Religion was a factor in the war however the Dynastic ambitions of Ferdinand and of the king of Denmark was the primary factor. The King of Denmark at the time was fearful that the power of the Habsburgs where getting to strong. The King also wanted to expand his territory and gain control over the Elbe River. The king of Denmark ...

Role of Innovation in the McLaren Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Role of Innovation in the McLaren Group - Essay Example The paper tells that the Mercedes Benz Group has established itself over the past 125 years as a leader in promoting innovative trends in the automobile industry. Its strategic alliance with McLaren Group has added to the Mercedes Benz Group’s strengths as McLaren captures the market leadership position through its focus on innovation management. Rob Durrant, the Communications Executive at Mercedes Benz provides a deeper insight into the innovation policies of the company and the management practices that have helped in defining and supporting innovation goals and objectives. The global markets expose firms to wide complexities in terms of delivering unique products and services that help in distinguishing itself from similar goods available in the market. More and more firms today are developing their innovative capabilities to leverage their competitive advantage and expand their market shares. While these strategic capabilities have proved companies with extended capabilit ies to design and develop new products, there is limited understanding of what innovation is and how it can be managed effectively for desired results and outcomes. The McLaren Automotive Group represents one of the most innovative firms that have successfully launched premium cars in the luxury and sports segment. The Mercedes Benz SLR McLaren is the world’s highest volume high performing sports car. There are several milestones that this company has achieved over the years in terms of innovation in car design and launch of new models on the road. Technology plays an important role in defining the firm’s competitive advantage and its innovation strategy. Firms apply existing technology systems and tools to design new products, enhance product features and deliver creative solutions that cater to the rapidly evolving customer needs and expectations.

Human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human resources - Essay Example It is therefore imperative for HR management to be well versed with different versions of cultural values of the host nations so as to achieve desirable goals. Their policies are ought to be implemented in light of applicability to specific cultures and laws. There would also be need to attract, retain and motivate local people to improve the operations of an organisation in a new environment. It is significant to note that in industrialized nations such as the US, personal economic achievement is presumed to be the prevailing notion that drives people according to Carrel (1995). Employees are bound to be motivated by the gains they get from their work in form of salaries hence it would be recommended that a company entering such a market should also take into consideration the needs and aspirations of the peoples who live there. On the other hand, in the former Soviet Union, Asia and other European Nations the collective mental programming from decades of communism has taken a heavy toll on them, Chris Brewster (1996). Such mentality as, â€Å"why work hard when wages do not increase?† is very common. It can be plainly seen that the differences between socialist economies and free market economies are glaring and are of considerable significance for HR professionals. 4. The Human Resources Management (HRM) has a vital role to play in motivating employees in order to improve their performance as well as productivity within any given organisation. In view of this assertion, it can be noted that Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is perhaps the most appealing theories for Human Resources (HR), professionals. Thus according to Maslow, cited in Michael R. Carell et al (1995:206), â€Å"when a need occurs, motivational tension develops and is directed towards satisfaction of the need.† Thus the hierarchy comprises of five levels of needs which need to be satisfied as a way of motivating

Gestalt and His Theory Of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gestalt and His Theory Of Psychology - Essay Example The Gestalt effect refers our brain's form creating capability, especially with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of an assortment of lines and curves. Gestalt psychology is most developed in perception and cognition but also has great relevance in studying individual behaviour (Henle 2006). But in observing behaviour errors can crop up due to false notions and deductions when drawing conclusions on scientific data. The most distinctive feature of scientific data is the way they are gathered. For example, if psychologists want to investigate a particular issue, say, to determine the circumstances which people act to help those in distress, or the impact of variable reinforcement schedules on the behavior of lab rats, or whether children imitate aggressive behavior they see on TV, psychologists will construct situations to establish conditions from which data can be generated (Schultz p.5). They may conduct lab experiments, observe behavior under controlled real-world conditions, take surveys, or calculate the statistical correlation between two variables. In using these methods scientists can have a measure of control over the situations or events they choose to study. In turn, those events can be reconstructed or replicated by other scientists at other times and places. Thus, data can be verified later by establishing conditions similar to those of the original study and repeating observations. But much of this data is seen narrowly and not viewed as having associations to other factors. For example, in testing whether children get aggressive after watching violence on TV many researchers fail to consider other factors, such as educational level of the child or the parents' upbringing abilities, or whether the child has problems in school, or consider the fact that certain processed foods when consumed by youngsters can result in uncontrollable behavior. Most scienti fic data do not view the whole, but only the part. Gestalt theory developed by Max Wertheimer resulted from the concrete investigations in psychology, logic, and epistemology. To give a description and make a comparison, we can consider transitioning from the world of everyday events to the world of science. Something as simple as crossing the road, becomes extremely complicated when trying to explain in scientific terms as both psychology of the person and physics are involved. It may not be unusual to assume that while making this transition we shall gain a deeper and more precise understanding of the essentials. The changeover could be seen as progress. But we often find that this turns out not to be the case. Explanations can be difficult to formulate. It is the same in psychology. In this regard also, we find science focused on acquiring a systematic collection of data, yet often excluding through that very activity of acquiring information, precisely that which is most vivid and real in the living phenomena it studies. In Gestalt theory wholes exist, the behavior of which is not determined by their individual elements, but where the part-processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole (Boeree 2000). Gestalt theory endeavors to determine the nature of such wholes and seems particularly fitted

Marketing Segmentation Targeting And Positioning Marketing Essay

Marketing Segmentation Targeting And Positioning Marketing Essay Introduction In marketing segmentation, targeting and positioning of the product is necessary, it is also known as STP process. Segmentation helps the manager to identify which area they have to focus on according to geography, demographics, social or other factors. After segmentation targeting is done which requires the needs of target customers to be fulfilled. After segmentation and targeting the positioning comes which refers to the way the consumer have the image of the product. Segmentation, targeting and positioning go hand in hand for an organisation to achieve the desirables. Market segmentation is a process of grouping people together with similar needs or smaller segments who show similar buying pattern. Segmentation is done either for differentiating a product or to target a specific group of people to earn profit. It is a form of critical evaluation rather than a prescribed system or process. According to Kotler 2010 the requirements of effective segmentation must be: Measurable It depends upon the buying capacity of the consumer. Accessible For effective segmentation the product should be easily accessible and the needs of the consumer are fulfilled. Substantial There should be enough number of people to buy the product. Differentiable This market segment has made different segments and they act accordingly according to the market need. Actionable This depends on how the product attracts and serves the segments. When the focus is on segmented markets a company is allowed to use its resources more effectively and efficiently thereby increasing the chances of its success in the market. According to Kotler 2010 for the effective segmentation of Apple iPhone the buying capacity of the consumer is a little low due to laws of economics. An Apple iphone costs around  £299 which is a lot of money and people think a lot before buying it. The Apple iPhone is widely accessible to USA, UK and many European countries but Apple does not launch its iPhone in countries where they feel people wont be able to pay the price. According to (West Mace, 2007) Apple differentiates itself from its competitors through innovation. The iPhone offers unique features which cannot be imitated and offers the latest feature which attracts customers to buy the product. Blackberry on the other hand like iPhone has a low buying power due to the fact that it is regarded as a business phone but it has its own market in which it excels. Blackberry sells everywhere and in the business world there are enough people to buy the product. Blackberry is regarded as a business phone which differentiates it; apart from being a business phone Blackberry also differentiates itself by its unique Blackberry messenger service in which a person can send and receive instant text messages anywhere and in any part of the world without being charged. The Blackberry messenger service differentiates this phone from its competitors. Blackberry has attracted a lot of business personnel as the phone serves the purpose of being connected with the business anytime. Nokia is different from both Blackberry and the Apple iPhone it has high buying power because it has a phone for everyone may be rich or poor. Nokia has entered the markets of both Blackberry and Apple iPhone and is doing quite well. The Blackberry is competing with Nokia E series which is the business edition of Nokia and for the Apple iPhone it is the N series. Apart from these series there are other series as well which focuses on the different segments of the society. Nokia has its products in every segment and which is at a lower price than its competitors which help Nokia to differentiate itself. Nokia sells its products in every part of the world unlike the iPhone and Blackberry and at a lower price. This low price is achieved because of economies of scale, since it serves a large number of the population. Due to Nokia phones being cheap, reliable and long lasting than its competitors it attracts a lot of customer. Nokia offers similar features as offered by its counterparts . Nokia products are not always cheap it has a product range called the Vertu which offers the worlds most exclusives phones. According to (Dibb et. al. 2006) the advantages of segmentation of a market can be done by:- Understanding the customer This requires a careful study and research to understand the customer needs and wants. Therefore an organisation can focus on the key factors and put more emphasis on understanding the customer thereby improving brand loyalty. Understand the competitor This requires a study of the market to know who the main competition for an organisation is and which segment is been targeted. So that the organisation pays more emphasis on the product. Effective resource allocation After understanding the customer and the competitors an organisation is in a better position to utilize the company resources effectively. Strategic Marketing Planning Dividing the market into segments helps the marketers to develop special plans to gain the attention of the competitors. Market segmentation According to Dibb et. al. 2006 market can be segmented according to Demographic Variables Age Occupation Gender Family Size Race Family life cycle Ethnicity Religion Income Social Class Education Geographic Variables Population City Size Region Market Density Urban, Suburban, Climate rural Psychographic Variables Personality attributes Motives Lifestyles Behaviouristic Variables Volume usage End use Benefit expectations Brand loyalty Price sensitivity (Adapted from Dibb et. al. 2006 pp 228) Demographic Variables It is the characteristics of the population such as age, gender, race which help in knowing the needs and buying behaviour and can be recorded. These types of variables can be measured easily. It helps an organization to know what type of population they are going to target. According to Kotler 2010 by segmenting according to the age helps the companies to develop the product according to the needs and wants of that age group. Segmentation according to gender or income divides the market accordingly and it helps to understand what type of products a company has to deliver in order to achieve Geographic Variables The need of customers changes according to the population, region, and climate. The geographic variables play a very important role in the market segmentation because the needs of customer may be different for different customers. An organization can decide in which countries they would like to operate in or what kind of population they are going to target. Psychographic Variables The personality characteristics, motives and lifestyles are sometime used to segment the market. It can be used alone or mixed with any other type of market segment. It is useful when the competition is intense. The marketers may also segment according to the social classes of different people; this helps an organization to know who their customers is and what kind of products they would like to have. Behaviouristic Variables The market can also be segmented according to the consumer behaviour towards the product. It may depend upon brand loyalty or on the price of the product. According to Kotler 2010 a market can be segmented according to loyalty also. If the product has made an impact on the customer then the company has achieved what was required. Market segmentation of Apple iPhone The Apple iPhone is targeted for the people lying in the age group of 18 to 40 year olds because they are the ones who are interested in buying the technology. Mainly males rather than females are targeted for the iPhone because of the applications, games and features such as wireless internet which are generally used more by the male population as compared to the latter. The customers buying the Apple iPhone are usually students who belong to higher class as well as higher middle class as the phone is quite expensive they even involve early adopters and the early majority. The iPhone is launched and sold first mainly across USA, UK and some parts of Europe because they have the infrastructure ready for it and also because the competition in these countries is quiet intense. Apple iPhone has a strong brand image in the mind of the customer as Apple says its not a phone its an experience. The after sales service provided by Apple is very good which helps in creating brand loyalty amon g the customer. The price positioning strategy of the Apple iPhone 4 is premium strategy which means that the iPhone 4 is of very high quality and to get that quality the consumers have to pay a higher price. Market segmentation of Blackberry The blackberry is regarded as a business phone it is not targeted towards a particular age group but it is targeted towards the business segment consisting of business professionals. There is no social class for the blackberry because it targets the whole business segment. The phone offers business features like access to e mail wireless internet and many other but the most remarkable feature it has is the blackberry messenger by which a person can send and receive text anywhere, anytime in the world free of charge. This is the most unique feature of the blackberry phone it gets connected to any blackberry phone in the world through a pin number which is different for every blackberry phone. Once the connection is set a business personnel can send and receive texts which is very helpful a person can receive important messages delivered to him on the go. Market segmentation of Nokia Nokia on the other hand has gained entry into all the segments it has something for everyone. Nokia has customers of all age group demographically it targets younger age groups who want the latest features at an affordable price. There is no social class involved for Nokia as it has a phone for every social class. The people buying Nokia phones can be student, business professionals.Nokia through high production has been able to reduce the cost of it phones which helps it to capture a large market. Nokia has a product for every customer in every bracket. The E- Series of Nokia is designed for the business class, the N series is for the teenagers and has normal phones for other people as well. Nokia has developed a phone for the highly social class known as the Vertu which is an exclusive for the higher class. Nokia has diversified with the range of products it has in the market. Nokia has different models and they fall in different price brackets according to the features they provi de. Nokia has made its brand image as a reliable and value for money kind of phones. CONCLUSION According to the segmentation techniques utilised by Apple iPhone, Blackberry and Nokia it is evident that Apple iPhone segments itself from Blackberry and Nokia by innovation, Blackberry segments itself from others with its Blackberry messenger service and Nokia segments itself from others through reliable and value for money phones. POSITIONING OF iPhone 4 According to Kotler 2010 positioning can be defined as the perspective of a consumer mind on what he thinks about the brand. According to Dibb et. al. 2007 it is the image that a consumer perceives about the product. The position of Apple iPhone 4 in peoples mind is quite high it is a premium product having very high involvement of research and development and is targeted towards people who are rich, having a good lifestyle. It is a premium product having a high price and having exclusive features which other mobile phone manufacturers dont have. There is a price for this exclusivity because the way Apple has made an image of the iPhone 4 is remarkable the punch line for iPhone 4 is This changes everything.Again. which means that the iPhone 4 has changed the way we used to look at mobile phones it is something different than traditional or it can be defined as an innovation or it is an experience rather than a phone. Due to the exclusivity and the features involved Apple can set a pr emium price for the iPhone 4 as the features and the experience of iPhone 4 cannot be imitated by any other mobile manufacturer. PRODUCT OFFERING The iPhone 4 provides a wide range of stunning features the iOS 4 is the heart of the phone, it is the worlds most powerful mobile operating software which distinguishes it from other mobile phones. The technology and the features used in the operating system will keep the iPhone 4 at least 4 years ahead of its competitors. The operating system also helps the phone to do a lot of things at once without even slowing down the performance of the phone. The 3.5 inch widescreen multi touch display of the iPhone 4 has a resolution of 960 X 640 pixels which is very high and it helps in giving a sharp pictures. The 5 megapixel camera along with LED flashlight helps in taking pictures in low light. The iPhone 4 is the world thinnest smartphone ever built and the glass used on the screen is made up of aluminium silicate which helps it to be durable and scratch resistant and is recyclable too. Apart from the hardware Apple has a collection of over 3,00,000 applications in the App Store which he lps in improving the performance of the iPhone as well as it updates the phone automatically. It has a built in flash drive of 32 GB or 16 GB and the built in battery provides a longer backup for calls and internet. POSITIONING MAPS According to Kotler 2010 the position maps are used by marketers to know the perception of the brand in consumer minds. The positioning of iPhone 4 lies in the luxury segment with high performance along with a high price than its competitors. BRAND EQUITY According to Dibb et. al. 2007 brand equity can be defined as the value of brand which goes above the functional benefits of the product. (Adapted from Dibb et. al. 2007, pp 319) Brand equity plays an important role in the positioning of the product in the market it is the value of the brand which the consumer keeps in mind. Brand Name Awarness The brand name awareness helps the consumer to get familiar with the brand which helps in the selection of the brand. In the case of iPhone 4 the brand is known to everyone and the consumers are switching to iPhone 4 because it is reliable and is of high quality as compared with other brands. Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is an important aspect of the brand equity because it reduces the competition with other mobile phone brands. It helps in retaining the existing customers and provides a potential for new customers to be loyal. Apple with the launch of iPhone 4 has been loyal to its customers by delivering the most innovative features and exclusivity that earlier version of iPhone had. this helped Apple in retaining their customers and inviting new customers. Perceived Brand Quality Customers see quality with the brand. Apple is a brand and has high level of quality so the consumer has in mind that whatever product Apple will make will be of high quality and standards that is why Apple is able to sell the iPhone 4 at a premium price allowing it to reduce competition. Brand Association Apple has created a lifestyle for itself; the statement associated with iPhone 4 is This changes everything. Again. This means that Apple has introduced the iPhone 4 as a unique product which has the best features and value amongst its competitors. BRAND ELEMENTS Brand elements can be defined as the different criterias by which a product is defined. Brands elements should be Memorable Apple iPhone 4 has a strong brand image and is easily recognized by the consumer. Apple has been ranked among the top 10 brands of 2010 in the world it holds third position therefore there is a very strong image of the company in the minds of the consumers and the consumers is able to identify the brand. Meaningful After the launch of the Apple iPhone 4 the consumers have started switching their phones to the iPhone 4. This shows that the product that is iPhone 4 has been up to the mark in terms of creating the brand image. Likability The Apple iPhone 4 with its unique features and its futuristic looks has become a favourite for many consumers. Transferability Apple iPhone 4 has been successful in maintaining as well as improving the brand image that previous version of iPhone had, so the transfer between the iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 has been handled quite well by the company. Adaptability The iPhone 4 with its applications has adapted itself in the market and the engineering involved in every part of the phone helps it to be adaptable. Protectability The iPhone 4 is an exclusive phone aimed at the higher social class, it protects itself from its competitors by innovations. The Apple iPhone 4 is not easily accessible to everyone as the price is quiet high which helps in giving exclusivity to the customers therefore apple is able to protect its brand image. CONCLUSION Brand equity plays a vital role in the positioning of the product and the brand elements support the brand to which the product is associated to. Apple sells the iPhone 4 at a premium price because it is the value that is associated with the product has been created using brand equity. Apple has shown a high involvement of research and development for the iPhone 4 and the features it offers are remarkable. References Kotler, P Armstrong, G (2010) Principles of Marketing 13th edition, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Dibb, S., et.al. (2006), Marketing : Concepts and Strategies, Boston, MA ; Abingdon : Houghton Mifflin West, J., Mace, M. (2007). Entering a mature industry through innovation:Apples iPhone strategy. Druid summer cofrence.

Essay --

Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research. Essay -- Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research.

A College Degree Is Not Worth It Essay

What is a college degree worth 50,000, $150,000, $300,000? The real question should be is a college degree really worth it? A lot of students go into college not knowing what to expect, or not knowing what to do. College degrees are made of paper, the importance of these degrees are valued by all the hard work you put in. There are several reasons why a college degree is not worth it. A college degree can be connected with negative associations. Getting a degree is like getting married. It’s a big decision someone has to make. There’s a lot of  cost, a lot of ups and downs, and it can be very stressful. Someone shouldn’t just go to college because they see everyone attending college after high school. The main number one reason why everyone wants to get a college degree is because they believe once they finish college they’ll have a better employment rate rather than someone without one. According to Not All College Majors Are Created Equal, by Michelle Singletary â€Å"the highest unemployment rate for recent graduates is generally the highest in architecture (13. 9 percent), then in non- technical majors, such as arts (11.1 percent), humanities and liberal arts (9. 4 percent), social science (8. 9 percent), finally law and public policy (8. 1 percent). † Having a degree is not automatically doing to get you a job, but most graduates are working in a job that does not require a degree. Focusing so much on college and perusing the goal of earning a degree can impact your social life. For many accomplishing a degree is not only a must but it becomes part of their life from sunrise to sunset. They start losing touch with reality, friends, and everyday activities. It is as if your life only has  one signal meaning that is, your college degree. College requires so many sacrifices because you have to have time to study for exams and getting your homework done. Not having a college degree doesn’t mean that someone won’t become successful. There have been a lot of people in this world that become very successful without a degree. For example: the CEO of Coca cola, Walt Disney, Steve Jobs, and many more. A degree does not make you the richest person in the world. There are many roads for an education rather than just attending college for a degree. Many people succeed without college degrees.

The Effects of Music on Teenagers Emotions essays

The Effects of Music on Teenagers Emotions essays When teenagers listen to music, does it make them depressed? Does listening to music make them happy? Some people think it does affect them and others do not. Regardless if the person likes music or not it is involved some way in that persons life; whether its by playing an instrument, listening to songs on the radio, studying music, or even by hearing a song being played in a store. When listening to music teenagers are effected by it, and music can help to change a teens emotions, both positively and negatively. In the human brain there is a chemical called EEG when activated, changes a persons emotions. According to a recent study, the positive affect is associated with greater relative left frontal EEG activation and negative affect is associated with greater relative right frontal EEG activation (Field and others 109). In that study they took fourteen chronically depressed female adolescents and played rock music to them for twenty-one minute sessions. Then they took another fourteen chronically depressed female adolescents and had them sit and relax their minds and muscles for the same time period (Field and others 109). EEG was recorded during baseline, music, and post-music for three minutes each, and saliva samples were collected before and after the session to determine the effects of the music on stress hormone (cortisol) levels (Field and others 109). The results were that cortisol levels decreased and the relative right frontal activation was significantly attenuated during and after the music procedure. Which proves that music did have an effect on the emotions of the female adolescents. In another study they investigated the relationship between preference for heavy metal music and vulnerability to suicide. In their investigation, they used 121 high school students as their subjects. Heavy metal fans had less strong reasons for living (especially...

Friends Essays

Friends Essays Friends Essay Friends Essay Name: Course Instructor: Date: : Friends Introduction â€Å"A friend is someone you like who likes you and with whom you share a positive chemical reaction† (Yager 11). This relationship could be a long or a short one depending on the period the friendship has lasted. Friendships are formed in the family, in school, at the workplace and other social places. The conditions that lead to the formation of friendship differ from happy situations to traumatic situations like accidents. It is said that human beings cannot survive without friends in their lives, everyone has friends in one or way or another. Sometimes friendships are developed without the knowledge of the ones involved. People have friends for different purposes in their lives. There are those whose friendships last, and there are those whose friendships are momentary. Given by these diverse purposes, friends can be divided into different categories. Yager gives these three categories as â€Å"casual, close and best† (11). Discussion A casual friend is one with whom a person does not have close ties or any level of intimacy. There is some of undefined trust between casual friends and most often, they have shared interests. This friendship is most common in the workplace. This is because casual friends in the workplace only have work-related discussions. This friendship is also convenient for colleagues in the workplace because it does not require any emotional attachment as the other types of friendships do. Most people consider casual friendships shallow in terms of knowing details about each other. For example, two colleagues from the same office can develop a casual friendship for the benefit of helping each other with work-related assignments and contracts. This friendship is also convenient in situations where they both do not want to be lonesome at the office. Casual friendships at the office are formed so that the working environment is warm and welcoming. In the organizational structure of businesses, there are cases of high-ranking administrative officers who consider their juniors as their casual friends. This means that they can talk about work issues and sometimes discuss how their families are doing without getting into details. This helps in the formation and implementation of rules, regulations and strategies for the overall improvement of the organization’s productivity. It also enhances better working relationships at the office. McCall et al say, â€Å"The generalized character of friendship creates a note of equality. It has a leveling influence not only among friends but among all others drawn together with the same congregation† (97). This means that sometimes we meet friends through existing friends, this connection denoting that we are all equal because we are connected by the same friendship network. Most times this connection results to the formation of casual friendships. These casual friends will not develop any intimacy. However, there will be some level of trust between them created by the equality. Second, a close friend is one around whom one feels comfortable enough to share their sincere and cherished secrets. The difference between a close friend and a casual friend is the level of intimacy. In a close friendship, the level of intimacy is higher than that which exists in a casual friendship. It is said that everybody has close friends, and the number of close friends one can accommodate is less than six. It is virtually impossible to have more than six close friends because one cannot maintain this large number. Spencer Pahl adds â€Å"as commitment increases, we also find a growing sense that close friends are people who accept and affirm who you re† (71). The commitment in close friends is not evident in casual friends because the level to which close friends like each other is also far above the ground. Close friendships are common among students in school, children at the playground and in some cases workmates. In school, the students develop close friendships among themselves because they spend a lot of time together. This time spent together, in school and at home, creates the environment for familiarity and develops attachments to one another. At the playground, as young as they may see, children have preferences about whom they want to play with. This preference makes them spend more time with some children more than others, thus developing close friendship ties amongst themselves. Most of these close friendships are adopted by their parents as students and children visit each other in their homes. The parents pick up the bond that exists between their children and develop one of their own. At the workplace, there are few cases of close friendships. These cases are of those who have known each other since childhood, or they went to the same school, therefore, their friendship has lasted a long time. Close friends provide someone with a sense of comfort especially in times of need. Close friends are always there when they are needed. Depending on the number of close friends an individual has, their availability will differ. There are those who are within reach and those who live far away. Maintaining close friendships is not easy because constant communication and home visits are paramount. Research has shown that, in very rare scenarios, close friendships are developed among family members. It is advisable to have dependable close friends, especially when needed them the most. A best friend is defined by Yager as one who â€Å"will have all the criteria required to be a close friend, but with the additional distinction of being the premier friend† (12). This means that a best friend has surpassed the casual and close friend level. Best friends are the ones with whom we share problems, who know us extremely well and are always there for us no matter the situation. It is considered to have numerous casual friends, less than six close friends but only one best friend. This friendship grows over the years and usually starts during adolescence, in college, after college, before and after marriage. Those who consider themselves best friends are people who have known each other for a long time and have seen each other through good and bad times. The bond that best friends share is extremely tight. Moreover, when they fall out, one of two things might happen; they might reconcile, or become lifelong enemies. Best friends share everything and are always together. Best friends carry out their activities together, and their families automatically become friends due to this bond. The trust existent in best friend is almost impossible to breach because they are committed to each other. Once best friends break up, it becomes difficult for them to trust other people again. There are several examples of best friends in the society. It is presumed that girls are more likely to develop best friend ties with each than boys are. This is because girls are known to have more emotional attachment to their friends than boys do. The result of this is that one will find more female best friends than males ones. Female childhood friends are more likely to grow up to become best friends than male childhood friends are. This bond will only be maintained if they do not fall out. Distance does not mater to best friends, as there is constant communication over the phone or email ad they try to be there for each other during memorable occasions like weddings and graduations. Best friendship is described as a complete kind of friendship by Aristotle Irwin when they say, â€Å"complete friendship is the friendship of good people similar in virtue; for they wish goods in the same way to each other† (122). This friendship is that of complete selflessness and affection towards each other. A best friend has to be ready to sacrifice and compromise for the sake of the other, and they must wish nothing but the best for one another. Different situation test the level of commitment between best friends like a joyous celebration or the death of a loved one. Whether best friends will be there for one another or not, will prove their love and affection to each other and commitment to their friendship. Conclusion Everybody needs a friend, whether we know it or not. The presence of friends makes life bearable. It is important to make casual friend in the workplace and neighborhoods, to have close friends on whom we can depend in times of grief and to have a best friend that will walk through life with us. The choice of friends is unlimited; it can be anyone from your colleague in the office, a member of your family or your spouse. Once the friendship is formed, it has to be maintained and nurtured by all parties involved. It is also necessary to note that there are good friend and bad friends therefore careful selection needs to be made. Work cited Aristotle, and J A. Giles. Nicomechean Ethics. London: J. Cornish, 1870. Print. McCall, George J. Friendship as a Social Institution. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2011. Print. Spencer, Liz, and R E. Pahl. Rethinking Friendship: Hidden Solidarities Today. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2006. Print. Yager, Jan. When Friendship Hurts: How to Deal with Friends Who Betray, Abandon, or Wound You. New York: Fireside Book, 2002. Print.

Methods Used to Assess Learners Writing Ability Assignment

Methods Used to Assess Learners Writing Ability - Assignment Example As a result of their proven utility, tests as well as other standardized assessments are broadly applied in educational settings. To reap the potential benefits that are associated with tests, it is critical that they are understood completely and their strengths and weaknesses evaluated (Wall & Walz, 2004). Testing is a special way of collecting information that can be employed while making decisions about a person, a program or an organization and tests consist of items that prompt responses from a person. Testing does not comprise of the simple administration of a set of questions or tasks that have to be performed as the tests need to be scored and the results used for evaluation (Wall & Walz, 2004). Essay tests are usually considered to be more valid as compared to multiple-choice questions when measuring the writing ability of students as they have the ability of sampling a broader range of composition skills. On the other hand, variance in the scores associated with essay tests can demonstrate irrelevant factors like speed and fluency under the pressure of time or penmanship (Weigle, 2002). Multiple choice testing over-predicts the performance of minority students as far as essay testing is concerned and there is no certainty as to whether these tests have fundamentally equivalent predictive validity for candidates who are not in the same academic discipline where what they are supposed to write is not the same. The best tests that assess writing ability blend both essay and multiple-choice questions but this approach may be too expensive while the alternatives that may be relatively cheaper may have a compromising effect on the quality of the assessment. Â  

Financial Statement report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Statement report - Essay Example The users of financial statements are the various stakeholders of a company that are concerned with the company's performance, progress and position during a financial year. The financial statements should provide useful information to the relevant users and stakeholders of the company with respect to their specific needs. The main users of financial statements and their needs are discussed below: This is the most important group interested in the financial performance, financial position, financial adaptability, cash generation and cash flow status of the company. The shareholders and investors invest their money into the company and need the information from financial statements to asses the company's performance in terms of managing and utilizing their investments and generating profit out of it. The lenders and creditors of a company are interested in the company's position in terms of liquidity and solvency. The financial statements of a company should provide relevant information to its various lenders and creditors so as to enable them to analyze the company's ability to pay its short and long-term liabilities and obligations. The regulatory authorities and government agencies are concerned with the full and clear disclosure of information in the company's financial statements. The government ensures that the company prepares the financial statements in the light of relevant rules and regulations. ... The disclosure of relevant information can strengthen the customer trust in the company. General Public and Analysts General public and analysts could be considered as the company's prospective investors or they may approach the company's financial statements to provide the information regarding the company's investment and profitability potential to the investors. They are concerned with the company's financial position and performance to analyze the future prospects of the company. INTERNAL USERS Management The company's management is also among the major users of financial statements. They need to draw useful information from the financial statements in order to realize the company's revenues and their share in the company's profitability. Apart from that, they also need information from financial statements to analyze the result of their performance throughout the year and make provisions regarding the future. Employees The employees are also the internal users of the company's financial statements. They are the one contributing their efforts in the company's performance and profitability. They need information from financial statements to evaluate how the company is compensating them for their efforts as compared to its overall profitability. NECESSARY QUALITIES FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The financial statements should contain the following qualities so as to provide maximum useful information to the various stakeholders of the company: Understandability The financial statements should be readable and understandable for all its targeted users. All the information and disclosures included in the financial statements should be well-presented to help the